| Glossary |
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Apraxia of speech Apraxia is a speech disorder that affects the ability to sequence sounds in order to produce syllables and words. and say sounds, syllables and words. It is not due to muscular weakness or paralysis. The problem is in the brain's planning to move the body parts needed for speech (e.g., lips, jaw, and tongue.) Articulation An articulation disorder is a speech disorder were a person has difficulties with the way sounds are formed and strung together usually characterized by substituting one sound for another (wabbit for rabbit) omitting a sound (ca- for cat) or distorting a sound (shlip for sip). Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) An autism spectrum disorders (ASD) that is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and by restricted, stereotyped interests and activities. Asperger’s syndrome is different from the other autistic disorders in that they have no general delay in language or cognitive development. Auditory Processing / Central Auditory Processing A person’s ability to identify, interpret, and attach meaning to sound. It is considered a disorder when a person shows an inability to differentiate, recognize, or understand sounds usually in people with normal hearing and intelligence Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism is a Pervasive Developmental Disease that is characterized by impaired development in communication, social interaction, and behavior. Cleft Palate A person with a cleft palate often experiences resonance disorders or VPI (velopharyngeal incompetence). This is evident when the quality of speech is too nasal or excessive air escapes during speech Development Delay When a person is behind schedule in reaching milestones of early childhood development. Developmental disorder One of several disorders that interrupt normal development in childhood. It may affect a single area of development (specific developmental disorders) or several (pervasive developmental disorders). Expressive Language See Language Fine Motor Skills Refer to the small movements of the hands, wrists, fingers, feet, toes, lips, and tongue. Fluency A person has a fluency disorder when speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the stutterer is unable to produce sounds. Gross Motor Skills The abilities required in order to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, crawling, and other activities. Hearing Loss / Deafness When a person can not hear as well as others. It can be present at birth (congenital), or become evident later in life (acquired). Language A language disorder when they have trouble understanding others (receptive language) and/or sharing thoughts, ideas and feelings completely (expressive language). Morphology Is the study of word structure. It describes how words are formed. i.e. book becomes books (regular plural morpheme); run becomes running Oral Motor Skills The ability to use the oral mechanism for functional speech or feeding, including chewing, blowing, or making specific sounds. Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) There are five types of PDD including: Autism, Asperger's syndrome, Childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett's syndrome and Pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDDNOS). Phonemic Awareness The ability to understand that spoken words are made up of sounds (phonemes). It is the ability to pick out, segment, manipulate and blend sounds in spoken words. Phonology A phonological disorder is a language based speech disorder. A child with a phonological disorder demonstrates difficulty in learning and organizing sounds needed for speech production or misrepresents sounds needed for spelling and reading. Pragmatics Pragmatics describes the rules of social interaction such as turn taking and staying on topic, as well as other socially acceptable interaction rules. Receptive Language See Language Resonance The quality of the voice that is determined sound vibrating in the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal areas during speech. Abnormal resonance can occur if there is obstruction in one of these areas. Semantics The meaning or the interpretation of a word, sentence, or other language form. Sensory integration A form of occupational therapy in which special exercises are used to strengthen the patient's sense of touch (tactile), sense of balance (vestibular), and sense of where the body and its parts are in space (proprioceptive). Speech The motor production of oral language; See Articulation Stuttering See Fluency Syntax A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences. Voice A person with a voice disorder has problems involving abnormal pitch, loudness, or quality of the sounds produced by the larynx (the voice box). |